Because Martha's
father was a mortician, she grew up in a fairly well to do household.
While the Dunn family never had a lot of money, they were far
better off than some of their neighbors. Martha was a young girl
when the Famine hit, and she remembered it all to well. Her father
had lots of work, due to the growing number of deaths. The Dunns
were able to scrape by during the Famine years.
When Martha was about
ten years old, her brother Luke was tragically killed by a runaway
cart of coal. Martha had grown very close to her older brother
during the difficult Famine years, and she was devastated by his
death. Martha became determined to escape the terrible nation
of Ireland, even if it was the last thing she would do. It had
only brought her pain and loss, and she wanted as little to do
with Ireland as possible.
When Martha was sixteen
years old, she obtained permission from her parents to emigrate
to America. Martha had saved up a little bit of money over the
years, and her family contributed what they could to the boarding
fee on a boat to New York. Martha left terrible Ireland and her
family behind, never to see her parents again.
Martha embarked from
Cork, anticipating a pleasant sea voyage. For her, New York harbor
was the light at the end of a long tunnel. Unfortunately, the
voyage was far from pleasant. Martha only took a little bit of
food that her family and friends had given her. This food soon
ran out, and Martha was forced to live on the meager ship rations.
Martha, being a good Irish Catholic girl, was far too modest to
use the exposed toilets on the bow of the ship. Instead, she would
often sneak into a corner of the cargo hold to relieve herself.
This habit became more and more revolting as the voyage progressed,
due to the sheer accumulation of feces and urine. Martha also
had to deal with lice infestation. Everything she owned, as well
as her own body, was covered with the tiny white bugs. In order
to combat the lice, Martha would wash her clothes in saltwater
whenever possible.(1)
Somehow, Martha managed
to make it through the trying voyage to New York. After a few
days' stay in New York, Martha heard about the textile mills in
Massachusetts. She was assured that she would find steady work
there, and that the pay was pretty good. Martha relocated to Lawrence,
Massachusetts where she was hired to work on a power loom. While
working in the Lawrence mill, she met immigrants from all over
Europe. All of them had come to America for almost the same reasons,
and all were doing far better here than they ever had in their
native countries. Although Martha was one of the hardest workers
in the mill, she was passed over for promotions to better, higher
paying jobs. The reason was that Martha was a Catholic, and the
mill owners didn't allow Catholics to rise beyond a certain point.(2)
Work in the Lawrence
mill was very difficult. Martha frequently had to lift heavy items,
and she was constantly breathing in cloth fibers. Thankfully,
Martha met a local farmer named Jack Glover. Jack came from a
strictly Protestant family, and he worked very hard on his small
farm. Martha and Jack soon married, although Martha continued
to work in the mills until she had children. After the birth of
their first child, Lucia, Jack insisted that Martha stay at home
with the children rather than working in the mill. This action
probably saved Martha's life.
Despite their long
marriage, Jack's family never truly accepted Martha because of
her Catholicism. Martha doggedly refused to give up her beliefs,
and she continued to go to Mass every Sunday until her death in
1910. When it came to the raising of Martha's children, at first
she insisted that they be raised as Catholics. However, Martha
soon realized that she was outnumbered by Jack's family, so she
relented and her children were raised as Presbyterians. This added
to Martha's growing sense of religious alienation from the world
around her. Martha never felt accepted by her in laws or society
in general. Things grew worse when Martha tried to bring her little
brother, Jacob, to the United States. He was also going to work
at the mill. However, Jacob died of typhus on the ship. Martha
grew quiet and sullen; now she had lost two of her brothers and
she began to fear that she would lose her entire family in one
way or another. Although Martha had done well for herself in the
New World, she sacrificed her happiness in the process.