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Volume 46, Number 1, February 2000:
The Permian Insect Fossils of Elmo, Kansas

Image - front cover of issue

ISSUE HOME PAGE

ABOUT THIS ISSUE
- about KSN
- about the author

IN THIS ISSUE
- introduction
- the elmo site as part of the Kansas-Oklahoma permian
- a short history of the discovery and study of the elmo fossils
- the insects: part 1, part 2, part 3,
- references
- back cover

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This page was last modified:
October 15, 2003

Originally posted:
March 20, 2003

 

The Permian Insect Fossils of Elmo, Kansas
by Roy J. Beckemeyer


REFERENCES:

  1. Brosius, L.  1993.  Elmo Thud: limestone layer eludes fossil-insect foragers.  Explore.  Winter:4.

  2. ___.  1995.  The Collector.  Earth.  February:50-57.  [Biographical information on Frank M. Carpenter.]

  3. Carpenter, F.M.  1926.  Fossil insects from the Lower Permian of Kansas.  Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.  Harvard Univ.  67(13):437-444.

  4. ___.  1930.  The Lower Permian Insects of Kansas.  Pt. 1.  Introduction and the order Mecoptera.  Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo. Harvard Univ.  70:69-101+plates 1-5.

  5.   ___.  1930.  ___. Pt. 3.  The Protohymenoptera.  Psyche.  37:15-34 + pl. 1

  6.   ___.  1931.  ___. Pt. 2.  The orders Paleodictyoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5) 21:97-139 

  7. ___.  1931.  ___. Pt. 4.  The order Hemiptera, and additions to the Paleodictyoptera and Protohymenoptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser.5) 22:113-130.

  8. ___.  1932.  ___. Pt. 5.  Psocoptera and additions to the Homoptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser.5) 24:1-22.

  9.   ___.  1933.  ___. Pt. 6.  Delopteridae, Protelytroptera, Plectoptera and a new collection of Protodonata, Odonata, Megasecoptera, Homoptera, and Psocoptera.  Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci.  68:411-503 + pl. 1.

  10. ___.  1935.  ___.  Pt. 7.  The order Protoperlaria.  Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci.  70:103-146 + pl. 1-2.

  11.   ___.  1939.  ___.  Part 8. Additional Megasecoptera, Protodonata, Odonata, Homoptera, Psocoptera, Protelytroptera, Plecoptera, and Protoperlaria.  Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci.  73:29-70+ pl. 1-2.

  12. ___.  1943.  ___.  Part 9. The orders Neuroptera, Raphidiodea, Caloneurodea and Protorthoptera (Probnisidae), with additional Protodonata and Megasecoptera.  Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci.  75:55-84 + pl. 1.

  13. ___.  1947.  The Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma.  Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata.  Proc.  Am. Acad. Arts & Sci..  76:25-54, text figures 1-28, plates 1-2.

  14. ___.  1950. The Lower Permian Insects of Kansas.   Part 10. The order Protorthoptera: The family Liomopteridae and its relatives.  Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci.  78:187-219, + pl. 1-3.

  15. ___.  1964.  Lower Permian insect fauna from Elmo, Kansas.  pp. 302-303 In R.C. Moore, Paleoecological aspects of Kansas Pennsylvanian and Permian cyclothems.  Bull. 169. St. Geol. Surv. Ks., Lawrence.

  16.  ___.  1966. The Lower Permian Insects of Kansas.  Part 11.  The orders Protorthoptera and Orthoptera.  Psyche.  73:46-88 + pl. 4-7.

  17. ___.  1976.  ___. Part 12.  Protorhtoptera (continued), Neuroptera, additional Palaeodictyoptera, and families of uncertain position.  Psyche.  83:336-376.

  18. ___.  1979  The Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma.  Part 2.  Orders Ephemeroptera and Palaeodictyoptera.  Psyche.  86:261-290, text figures 1-17.

  19. __.  1992.  Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology.  Part R.  Arthropoda 4.  Volumes 3 & 4: Superclass Hexapoda.   Geol. Soc.  Am. and Univ. Kans.. Boulder, Col. and Lawrence, Kans.

  20. ___.  1987.  Substitute names for the extinct genera Cycloptera Martynov (Mecoptera) and Parelcana Carpenter (Orthoptera).  Psyche.  93:375-376.

  21. Carpenter, F.M., & J. Kukalova.  1964.  The structure of Protelytroptera, with description of a new genus from Permian strata of Moravia.  Psyche.  71:183-197 + pl. 22.

  22. Carpenter, F.M., & P.E.S. Whalley.  1981.  Typus Sellards, 1909 (Insecta, Protodonata): Proposed conservation under plenary powers.  Z. N. (S.) 2359.  Bull. Zool. Nomencl..  38:285-287.

  23. Dunbar, C.O.  1923.  Kansas Permian insects. Part 2.  Paleolimulus, a new genus of Paleozoic Xiphosura, with notes on other genera.  Am. J. Sci. (series 5).  5:443-454.

  24. Dunbar, C.O., & R.J. Tillyard.  1924.  Kansas Permian insects.  Part 1.  The geologic occurrence and the environ-ment of the insects [Dunbar].  With a description of a new palaeodictyopterid [Tillyard].  Am Am. J. Sci. (series 5).  7:171-209, text figures 1-4, plates 1-2.

  25. Durden, C.J.  1978.  A dasyleptid from the Permian of Kansas, Lepidodasypus sharovi n.gen., n.sp. (Insecta: Thysanura: Monura).  Pearce-Sellards Series.  Tex. Mem. Mus. 30:1-9.

  26. Graham, J.B., R. Dudley, N.M. Aguilar, & C. Gans.  1995.  Implications of the late Palaeozoic oxygen pulse for physiology and evolution.  Nature.  375:117-120.

  27. Klots, E.B.  1944.  Notes on the Protodonata and Protozygoptera of the Lower Permian of Kansas.  Am. Mus. Nov. No. 1260.  7 pp.

  28. Kukalova, J.  1964.  Review of the Calvertiellidae, with description of a new genus from Permian insects of Moravia (Palaeodictyoptera).  Psyche.  71(4):153-168.

  29. Kukalova-Peck, J.  1971.  The structure of Dunbaria (Palaeodictyoptera).  Psyche.  78:306-318.

  30. ___.  1974.  Pteralia of the Paleozoic insect orders Palaeodictyoptera, Megasecoptera and Diaphonopterodea (Palaeoptera).  Psyche.  81:416-430.

  31. ___.  1991.  Fossil history and the evolution of hexapod structures.  Chapter 6 In The Insects of Australia. 2nd Edition.  Volume !.  Cornell Univ. Press.   Ithaca, NY.  [Sketches of  Kansas Permian insects.

  32. Marks, E.N.  1991.  Biographical history.  Chapter 8 In The Insects of Australia. 2nd Edition.  Volume !.  Cornell Univ. Press.   Ithaca, NY.  [Brief biography of R.J. Tillyard.]

  33. May, M.L.  1982.  Heat exchange and endothermy in Protodonata.  Evolution.  36(5):1051-1058.

  34. Moore, R.C.  1964.  Paleoecological aspects of Kansas Pennsylvanian and Permian cyclothems.  pp. 287-380 In D.F. Merriam (Ed.)  Symposium on cyclic sedimentation.  Bull. 169, Vol. I.  St. Geol. Surv. Ks., Lawrence.

  35. Raasch, G.O.  1949.  The Wellington formation in Oklahoma.  PhD Dissertation.  Univ. Wisconsin.

  36. Sellards, E.H.  1903.  Discovery of fossil insects in the Permian of Kansas.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 4).  16:323-324.

  37. ___.  1906.  Types of Permian insects.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 4).  22:249-258.

  38. ___.  1907.  Types of Permian insects.  Part II.  Plecoptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 4).  23:345-355.

  39. ___.  1908.  Cockroaches of Kansas coal measures and of the Kansas Permian.  Kans. Univ. Geol. Surv.  9:501-541.

  40. ___.  1909.  Types of Permian insects.  Part  III.  Megasecoptera, Orycroblattinidae and Protorthoptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 4).  27:151-173, text figures 1-28.

  41. Shear, W.A., & J. Kukalova-Peck.  1990.  The ecology of Paleozoic arthropods: the fossil evidence.  Can. J. Zool.  68:1807-1834.

  42. Tasch, P.  1958.  Permian conchostrocan-bearing beds in Kansas.  Part 1. Jester Creek Section.  Fauna and Paleoecology.  J. Paleontol.  32:525-540.

  43. ___.  1961.  Paleolimnology: part 2 - Harvey and Sedgwick Counties, Kansas:  Stratigraphy and biota.  J. Paleontol.  35:836-865.

  44. ___.  1962.  Vertical extension of Mid-continent Leonardian insect occurrences.  Science.  135(3501):378-379.

  45. ___.  1963.  Paleolimnology: part 3 - Marion and Dickinson Counties, Kansas, with additional sections in Harvey and Sedgwick Counties: Stratigraphy and biota.  J. Paleontol.  37:1233-1251.

  46. ___.  1964.  Periodicity in the Wellington formation of Kansas and Oklahoma.  pp. 481-496 In D.F. Merriam (Editor), Symposium on cyclic sedimentation.  Bull. 169, Volume II. St. Geol. Surv. Ks., Lawrence.

  47. Tasch, P., & J. R. Zimmerman.  1959.  New Permian insects discovered in Kansas and Oklahoma.  Science.  130:1656.

  48. ___.  1962.  The Asthenohymen-Delopterum bed -  a new Leonardian insect horizon in the Wellington of Kansas and Oklahoma.  J. Paleontol.  36(6):1319-1333.

  49. Tillyard, R.J.  1923.  Kansas Permian insects.  Preliminary announcement.  Entomol. News.  34:292-295.

  50. ___.  1924.  ___.  Part 3.  The new order Protohymenoptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  8:111-133 + pl. 4.

  51. ___.  1925.  ___.  Part 4.  The order Palaeodictyoptera. Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  9:328-335

  52. ___.  1925.  ___.  Part 5.  The orders Protodonata and Odonata.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  10:41-73.

  53. ___.  1926.  ___.  Part 6.  Additions to the orders Protohymenoptera and Odonata.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  11:58-73.

  54. ___.  1926.  ___.  Part 7.  The order Mecoptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  11:133-164.

  55. ___.  1926.  ___.  Part 8.  The order Copeognatha.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  11: 315-349.

  56. ___.  1926. ___. Part 9.  The order Hemiptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  11: 381-395.

  57. ___.  1928.  ___.  Part 10.  The new order Protoperlaria: a study of the typical genus Lemmatophora  Sellards.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  16:185-220.

  58. ___.  1928.  ___.  Part 11.  Order Protoperlaria: Family Lemmatophoridae (continued).  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  16:313-348.

  59. ___.  1928.  ___.  Part 12.  The family Delopteridae, with a discussion of its ordinal position.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  16:469-484.

  60. ___.  1931.  ___.  Part 13.  The new order Protelytroptera, with a discussion of its relationships.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  21:232-266.

  61. ___.  1932.  ___.  Part 14.  The order Neuroptera.  American Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  23:1-30.

  62. ___.  1932.  ___.  Part 15.  The order Plectoptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  23:97-134.

  63. ___.  1936.  ___.  Part 16.  The order Plectoptera (cont’d): the family Doteridae, with a note on the affinities of the order Protohymenoptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  32:435-453.

  64. ___.  1937.  ___.  Part 17.  The order Megasocoptera and additions to the Palaeodictyoptera, Odonata, Protoperlaria, Copeognatha and Neuroptera.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).   33:81-110.

  65. ___.  1937.  ___.  Part 18.  The order Embiaria.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  33:241-251.

  66. ___.  1937.  ___.  Part 19.  The order Protoperlaria (continued).  The family Probnisidae.   Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  33:401-425.

  67.   ___.  1937.  ___.  Part 20.  The cockroaches, or order Blattaria.  Part I.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  34:169-202.

  68. ___.  1937.  ___.  Part 21.  The cockroaches, or order Blattaria.  Part II.  Am. J. Sci. (ser. 5).  34:249-276.

  69. Wilbur, D.A. Sr., & T. A. Granovsky.  Undated. [Probably circa 1976.] Reproductions of 470 figures of Lower Permian insects from Insect Hill, Dickinson County, near Elmo, Kansas: from 33 papers by Dunbar, Tillyard, and Carpenter . . .  Dept. Entomology.  Kansas State University. 

  70. Wooton, R.J.  1981.  Palaeozoic insects.  Ann. Rev. Entomol. 26:319-344



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