1. A fold is a bend in rock. Folds show up best in layered rock,
but also occur in unlayered rock such as granite.
Image scanned from Thompson & Turk, (1992). Earth Science and the Environment. 1992, Orlando, Florida: Harcourt & Brace, p. 191.
2. A fault is a
fracture along which rock on one side has moved relative to rock
on the other side. A joint is a fracture without movement of rock.
Joints and faults often occur as sets of many parallel fractures.
Image scanned from Thompson & Turk, (1992). Earth Science and the Environment. 1992, Orlando, Florida: Harcourt & Brace, p. 192.
3. An anticline is a fold arching upward, a syncline is a fold arching
downward. The sides of these folds are called limbs. Where the two
limbs meet is called the axis.
Image scanned from ESU class handout.
4. A non-plunging fold is a fold where the axis does not tilt at an angle.
Image scanned from ESU class handout.
5. A plunging fold is a fold where the axis tilts at an angle.
6. A monocline is a special kind of fold with only one limb.
Image scanned from ESU class handout.
7. A circular or elipticle anticline resembling an inverted bowl is called
a dome. Sedimentary layering dips away from the center of a dome in all
directions. A similarly shaped syncline is called a basin. Domes and
basins can be small structures a few kilometers in diameter or less, but
commonly are much larger. Large domes and basins result from regional
warping of the entire continental crust.
Image scanned from Thompson & Turk, (1992). Earth Science and the Environment. 1992, Orlando, Florida: Harcourt & Brace, p. 194.
