GO 340 Gemstones & Gemology
Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas USA 
www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/wkspeak.htm
Gem Syllabus: www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/syllabus.htm.
Weekly Announcements
May 1, 2008...
I know everyone is putting the finishing touches on the final webpage project and test. I am looking forward to reading both final assignments and watch for the webpages to be posted online at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/students/stupages.htm. Campus students have been stringing beads and bring your creations and ideas on Tuesday when we can finish up these projects and I will photograph and post your finished projects!
While there are many gemstone lectures to keep you busy until the end of the semester, there are a few online articles that may be of interest linked from the weekly tidbits below. The May birthstone is emerald and sales remain strong for this beautiful green gemstone.
Weekly Gem Tidbits. . .
May birthstone is emerald!
- Visit the course lecture, www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/beryl.htm and ...
- Emerald by Jewelry Central, www.jewelrycentral.com/Target_Emerald.asp, is a good place to begin to hear the ethereal viewpoint.
- Barbra Voltaire, F.G.G., G.G. has an extensive website on all aspects of gemology. Her emerald enter will give you a preview of her work, www.gemologyonline.com/emerald.html
- See the Farlang gem library entry for classic works on emerald, http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/emeralds
- Federman, D. Nov. 20, 2007. New highly doctored emeralds raise the question: Where’s the beef?. Colored-stone magazine, www.colored-stone.com/stories/nov07/emeralds.cfm. Retrieved May 1, 2008.
Other gem articles of interest:
- Blue tourmaline...Federman, D. April 2008. The paraiba predicament. Colored-stone magazine, www.colored-stone.com/stories/mar08/paraiba.cfm.
- Oregon Sunstone...Federman, D. April 2008. The furor over feldspar, www.colored-stone.com/stories/mar08/sunstone.cfm.
- Guns, money, and ruby...Rosenbusch, K. February 2008, Congress set to close major loophole in U.S. law banning imports of Burmese gems, www.colored-stone.com/stories/jan08/burma.cfm.
- More on artificial colored topaz...Rosenbusch, K. 12/27/2008. Irradiated blue topaz: Now what? http://www.colored-stone.com/stories/nov07/topazupdate.cfm.
- Novel gem cutting design...February 2008, The 2008 Gemmys, www.colored-stone.com/stories/jan08/gemmys.cfm.
- Tanzanite and terror...Roskin, G. 4/30/2008. 57 Dead, 17 missing from tanzanite mine floods. JCK, www.jckonline.com/article/CA6556125.html?industryid=668.
- From the Jewelers Security Alliance...JCK, 4/17/2008. Overall jewelry crime down in 2007. www.jckonline.com/article/CA6552522.html?industryid=46017
- Pearls of culture...Federman, D. April 2008. Nucleated freshwater pearls China's answer to Japan's Kasumiga. Modern Jeweler, www.modernjeweler.com/print/Modern-Jeweler/NUCLEATED-FRESHWATER-PEARLS/1$675
- Jewelry Video Network, Modern Jeweler, http://www.modernjeweler.com/videonetwork/...from The history of diamonds to Pearls and Global Warming...choose your show!!
- Jeweler Education - Consumer Guides. Modern Jeweler magazine, http://www.modernjeweler.com/online/section.jsp?siteSection=12.
April 21, 2008...
Note of concern! ... Several emailed assignments from students this semester never arrived in my inbox. If you do not receive a reply from me in 24 hours after sending email to me, send a follow-up note. Thanks!
We can see the end of the semester approaching! And, where did it go?!? I assume you are busy working on the webpage project and you need to contact me with your progress report. One thing for everyone to remember...be sure images are given a name with no more than 8 characters and are saved as a gif or jpg when possible. If this is not heeded, then it can be a problem when the page goes online. I will provide comments when you send a draft and give direction to help you succeed!
Thanks to all of you who are keeping up with assignments. I know it has been a busy semester for me, and a busy one for you as well. I hope you have been enjoying the many lectures on diamonds and colored stones. You can choose which lectures are of most interest to you and follow up with exploring the external links as well. You should have submitted all homework assignments through 8. Test 2/3 is in your emailbox as you are reading this! So concentrate on this and webpage progress for now. When you are working on your webpage, do not forget to visit Farlang as a primary resource... they have many great links at their History of Mining, Gemstones, Diamonds and Jewelry Library, www.farlang.com/gemstones-diamonds-books. Stay in touch and email me if you have any questions.
There are many diamond and colored stone lectures to keep you busy until the end of the semester and beyond. The importance that we place on gemstones is as both a treasure and commodity. Therefore, the weekly tidbits include some general gem sites to visit as well as a focus on the economic impact gems have on global economies and conflicts.
Weekly Gem Tidbits. . .
- Locally speaking, the 55th Wichita Gem and Mineral Society show is April 25-27. It is at Cessna Activity Center, 2744 George Washington Blvd., Wichita, Kansas. Hours are Fri. 9-7, Sat. 10-7, Sun. 10-5; adults $5, 12-17 $1, kids under 12 free. Expect displays and demonstrations from Kansas meteorites to kids' activities.
- Visit the www.fieldgemology.org/ to spend an enjoyable time reading first-hand accounts of gemstone mining...from pearls to sapphires, and more!
- DiamondVues.com posted a note on The Girdle of A Loose Diamond: What Is It & What Does It Look Like?. Read about it and view a 40X magnification of a diamond girdle at www.diamondvues.com/2007/05/the_girdle_of_a_loose_diamond.html
- Read some zine articles - zine, an abbreviation of the word magazine, is a small circulation, non-commercial publications - from EzineArticle... such as DeBeers Settlement, Why the DeBeers Diamond Settlement Could Mean Money to You by Wink Jones, http://ezinearticles.com/index.php?DeBeers-Settlement,-Why-The-DeBeers-Diamond-Settlement-Could-Mean-Money-To-You&id=978432. And follow this by reading the Diamond Class Action Settlement Website, https://diamondsclassaction.com/index.htm.
- Another topic of interest is about challenges to the current International Standards Organization (ISO) standard for platinum used in jewelry. While the range of fineness is usually 850, 900, or 950 parts per thousand, Karat Platinum LLC has changed this by proposing a new platinum alloy for jewelry. According to Hedda T. Schupak, JCK Editor-in-Chief, the jewelry will be marked ".585 plat,.415 CO/CU" to reflect the 58% platinum, 42% cobalt/copper alloy. Read more about it at: http://www.jckgroup.com/article/CA528827/jck?industry=Precious+Metals&industryid=673. Also, read the most recent on the FTC seeking public comment on platinum guides at www.jckonline.com/article/CA6536115.html?q=platinum+alloys.
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Conflict diamonds continue to remain in the forefront of global concerns. It is important for all of us to weigh both sides of any issue and to do this by assembling facts not fiction. A Hollywood movie has heightened awareness of this issue, but Blood Diamond is not a documentary. While, Hollywood has the powerful draw of viewers globally, it may be a disservice to the greater debate to present important issues such as conflict diamonds in a fictional-type venue. What is truth and what is created reality presented by movie makers who obviously need to break even or make a profit? How can we find the truth when we hear the debate through the publicity machines of Hollywood and diamond/jewelry industry? It would be worthwhile to view A Diamond's Journey and visit the following websites as well. Then you will be more informed on how different sets people come to hold the positions they believe on this issue of the value of a particular mineral that formed billions of years ago, deep in the Earth's mantle region. Read for yourself and make up your own option...
- JCKonline.com had several points to make on behalf of the gem industry...
- Beyond the industry voice, visit...
- Other groups with interest...
- World Diamond Council, DiamondFacts.org Conflict Diamonds, www.diamondfacts.org/conflict/index.html
- Statement from USA President, www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/04/20030425-9.html and the US State Department, www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/16275.htm
- US Census Bureau Foreign Trade Statistics, Revised Notice of Request for Faxed Submission of Kimberley Process Certificates, www.census.gov/foreign-trade/regulations/ftsrletters/kpc-exports-04032007.html
- Natural Resources of Canada, Canadian Diamond Trade and Important Notice on the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for International Trade in Rough Diamonds, mmsd1.mms.nrcan.gc.ca/kimberleyprocess/note_e.asp
- Rapaport News, Understanding the Kimberley Process, www.diamonds.net/news/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=16459
- Charles Ellias and Richard Hughes, The Kimberley Process – Appeasement Comes to the Diamond Trade, www.ruby-sapphire.com/kimberley_process.htm
- United Nations Security Council 2003 resolution, www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2003/sc7648.html
- Antwerp Diamond Heritage, Kimberley Process, www.hrd.be/index.php?id=54
March 28, 2008...
Thanks to all participants and presenters for the March local demonstrations on gem cutting and fashioning from Jack Greer, silver casting and chain making from Ernie Herrick, and wire wrap jewelry creating by Ruby Herrick. We appreciate our local artists and are pleased they take their time to share their experiences and knowledge. I learn something new each time as well!
Your webpage topic should be in my email soon! And, the first draft of your webpage project is due April 9. I will send you comments and suggestions, so you are ready to submit a nearly complete draft by April 16. The html tutorial is still online for you to refer to and feel free to email me with questions if you are having any html code troubles. A great opportunity for you this week is that our campus meeting, April 1, will be spending some time on HTML and the webpage assignment. If you want some one-on-one attention regarding these topics, then drop into Science Hall Tuesday evening. All students are welcome! Email me, saber@emporia.edu, for details if you are an online student and can will be able to come to class.
Check out the online library resources for gemstones from Farlang Jewelry at www.farlang.com/gemstones-diamonds-books, with a homepage at www.farlang.com. They continue to build theme-pages and provide chapters/books that fit that particular themes such as: Gemstone lore, Diamonds, Emeralds, Sapphires and Rubies. It is well worth a visit just for general interest, but specifically this serves as a valuable resource to tap for your upcoming webpage assignments. Beautiful images and credible text...check it out now!
I am returning graded homework assignments as I receive them, and test 2 will be sent to distance students once you have completed homeworks through 8. If you have not heard from me, you can assume that I do not have these required homework assignments. Please send or resend them to me immediately.
Weekly Gem Tidbits . . .
- The birthstone of April is diamond, which happens to be the topic of the April 2 lecture. Visit the Diamond Trading Company page for some exceptionally interesting reading and images on
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JCK Online journal, www.jckonline.com, has many articles on conflict diamonds. You may be interested to read about the World Diamond Council encouraging retailers support of the Kimberley Process or the opposite approach, Jewelers solicited to buy conflict diamonds.
- The Wichita Gem, Mineral, Jewelry, and Fossil Show is coming in April ... email me for details.
- NOVA has a wonderful program out on amber, Jewel of the Earth. You can view the online resources at www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/jewel/. The interactive map at www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/jewel/world.html is a nice bit of html glitz!
- Here is a short note on the history of money, which includes information on gold. www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/moolah/history.html
- Photographying gemstones may not be of interest to all of you but it certainly is an art! Visit www.tabletopstudio.com/documents/jewelry_photography.htm and www.vanrossen.com/JlryPriceListGemstones.html. While it is not online, Lapidary Journal, September 2002, had an article on Gemstones Never Blink.
- Describing and communicating color among gemstones is only one of the interesting topics at this site, www.multicolour.com/catalogue/columns/column12002.html. Visit other gem library topics as well.
- Is there any truth to the copper for arthritis tale? arthritis.about.com/od/copper/. More on copper at www.copper.org/resources/cutopics/Ct80/jewelry.html.
March 17, 2008...
Welcome Spring Break and happy St. Patrick's Day to you!! I hope you will find time to catch up on things over this week with no formal class periods to attend... distance students, well business as usual since you do not attend the class anyway. I will be out of town and email range from the 18th-22nd, so do not rely on a timely reply from me if you try. I will be back online and in town ready for classes the next week.
Thanks to Jack Greer for the enlightening evening on cutting and faceting gems! He is a remarkable person and terrific lapidary. Our next campus class meeting, March 25, will be an evening with Ernie and Ruby, who will demonstrate lost wax casting, chain fabrication, and wire wrap jewelry design. Please arrive at Science Hall by 5:45 p.m. and we will drive together to the house by 6:00 p.m.
Our flowers are out of the ground and spring is coming soon! However, the spring break is here now and do not forget about the final webpage project. Visit www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/webpage.htm and www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/htm.htm to get the ball rolling and juggling! Distance and campus students should be working along on homework assignments, and I hope to have many to grade when I return. Read on for some interesting websites to visit.
Weekly Gem Tidbits . . .
- Below are various links to Colored-Stone magazine articles on emerald and topaz, gems you will be reading about in our lectures soon (if not already). Beyond those are links to some of the Smithsonian Institution websites. I apologize in advance for these links because just after I FTP this material to make it live on the web, they may change the URL! For whatever the reason, Smithsonian links are not reliable, but I continue to use them at times because they are quality. I hope you and I will be lucky to see their material as well as read more on emerald and topaz!
- Colored-Stone magazine on topaz and emerald:
- The Smithsonian Mineral Sciences Department:
March 9, 2008...
Test 1 is history and mid-term grades are finished. Thanks for all the hard work, and I hope you are enjoying your course on gemstones and the profession! I had a terrific time at the KC Gem Show and for the campus students, I look forward to reading your reports. Thanks to all in attendance.
I will send out more homework assignments so you can work along at your own pace. Just a reminder... Our class meeting this week will be an evening with Jack Greer, who will demonstrate gem cutting and fashioning. Distance students are welcome but certainly not required to attend. For campus students, please arrive at Science Hall by 5:45 p.m. so we can reach his house by 6:00 p.m.
A great article worth reading is on the newest methods of designing jewelry using digital tools computer aided design (CAD) and machining (CAM) systems, which is at Colored Stone Magazine online, www.colored-stone.com/stories/mar07/cadcam.cfm. Send a summary to me by March 19 for 2 extra points on upcoming assignments!
Weekly Gem Tidbits . . .
- An upcoming lecture will be devoted to diamond. There are many external websites devoted to diamond and a recent one I have found interesting and informing is www.samarajames.com/acatalog/diamond_guide.html. Visit their educational page and browse the rest of the site as well!
- Check out Mine Design at http://www.gemdata.com/sale/gempics.html. Unfortunately, the owners are retiring but they still have the website up and it is well worth viewing. They provided complete disclosure of any enhancements or synthesis of gem materials they sold, which creates a sense of consumer confidence and trust. They provide more valuable educational insights with...
- Zales Jewelry Company, www.zales.com, was founded on March 17, 1924. Read About Us at www.zales.com/corp/index.jsp?page=aboutus
- If you have not done so, remember there is a book review due. While you do not need to order them, check out some gem books online at www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/books/gemstones.shtml. I recommend the agate book that came up first on the list when I visited the website. Many of these books are available at the library!
March 2, 2008...
All tests received have been graded and returned. If you have not heard from me, please contact immediately about the status of your grade. It is time for distance students to move on to homework 5 and beyond! Homework assignments will be sent via email.
An opportunity for all interested students is the upcoming Kansas City Gem, Mineral, and Jewelry Show! Saturday, March 8, the class will travel to the 47th annual show at the MCC/BTC Exhibit Hall, 1775 Universal Ave., KC MO. Both campus and distance students are welcome to attend and please contact me if you are a distance student so we can make arrangements to meet you at the show. This will be a terrific opportunity to see a variety of gems and synthetics, as well as gem fashioning and jewelry making. You can read online about the show at http://www.showsofintegrity.com/ and kcgemshow.org.
An additional opportunity for all is a local demonstration coming March 11. Again distance students are welcome to join us in Emporia and please email me if you are coming so I can provide details (saber@emporia.edu).
Also, the time is now to think seriously about your webpage assignment. There is a tutorial online for you at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/htm.htm. Except for students who have already submitted webpages, please complete this tutorial and send me the finished webpage using the instructions as an attachment to email. You will receive 4 substitution points on the next test or homework assignment if this template webpage is in my inbox by March 16. Put go340 html in the subject line for an additional point! This step-by-step assignment simply uses raw html code and your text-only program on the computer, i.e., wordpad or notepad, found in accessories, to create this assignment. Whether or not you do your webpage in code or with the assistance of webpage software, you must do this tutorial. If you have not decided on a topic, visit Gemlinks for some ideas. I want to hear from you now if you have any questions or concerns about this project! Do not wait until it is too late.
Weekly Gem Tidbits . . .
- An interesting article to read is one that addresses the designation of semiprecious. You know by now how I feel about this term often assigned to gems other than diamond, emerald, ruby, and sapphire. Now read about Semiprecious Revenge in the January/February 2006 journal, www.colored-stone.com/stories/jan06/retail.cfm. According to a retail jeweler's survey, Suzanne Wade reported which one of the colored stones moved down to fourth place.
- Another Colored-Stone.com article of note is found at http://www.colored-stone.com/stories/jan08/gemmys.cfm. This article highlights some extraordinary faceted, cabochon, and specialty cuts in gemstones and gem materials from the 2008 Tucson Shows.
- JCK reported the jewelry retailers who are supporting the movement against dirty gold and the ones who are not. Find out more at http://www.jckgroup.com/article/CA6307563.html, Leaders and laggards named in advocacy campaign.
- The De Beers cartel has effectively controlled the price of diamond for many years...but where did the name De Beer come from? Diederik Arnoldus and Johannes Nicholaas De Beer were brothers and owners of the Vooruitzigt farm in South Africa where diamonds were discovered in 1871. Two large mines, named De Beers and Kimberley, were worked on this farm and thus the De Beers name was adopted by the cartel. Information from Liddicoat, R. T. (1993). The GIA Diamond Dictionary. Santa Monica, CA: Gemological Institute of America, p. 60. An updated 1993 version of this book is available in our own Emporia State University, White Library. Check it out!
- Are you still trying to come up with a web page topic? In addition to the sites found at the gemlinks page, visit the following
February 17, 2008...
Test One will be arriving in your mail box soon. The test is due one week later, approximately February 26.
The next portion of the course will be on testing equipment, working with metals, and fashioning gemstones. In March we will begin Emporia demonstrations by local artists and the Kansas City Gem and Mineral Show. Distance learning students are encouraged to attend any of these events although your grade does not depend upon attendance. I will post specifics in the upcoming weekly announcements.
It is never too early to begin thinking about your webpage assignment topic. Although the topic is not due until March 26, March is just around the corner! Maybe a topic will come to you by browsing the links in the Weekly Gem Tidbits. If you are interested in exploring and documenting inclusions in gems, then visit the Swiss Gübelin Gem Lab links below, especially http://www.gubelinlab.com/inclus1.asp. Also, you should visit Gem Briefs; these are gemstone descriptions created by previous students enrolled in the campus version of this course. All of the extra readings provide additional information over what is in the book, make you aware of stones you might not otherwise have noticed, and may spark your thoughts on a webpage topic that is right for you!
Weekly Gem Tidbits . . .
- February 21 is the birthday of Robert Shipley, the founder of Gemological Institute of America and the American Gem Society. He was born in 1887 and you can find out more about his accomplishments online at http://www.gia.edu/about/38/gia_history.cfm and the GIA History Timeline, http://www.gia.edu/about/135/gia_history_timeline.cfm, as well as The AGS Story, at http://www.ags.org/consumers/story/story.asp.
- Now fast forward to 1999 and read about a theory on the GE process, http://www.professionaljeweler.com/archives/news/1999/062399story2.html, and another short story on branding created diamonds, http://www.professionaljeweler.com/archives/news/1999/101399story.html, both from the Professional Jeweler Magazine Archives. Robert Weldon, G.G. wrote both stories. The Professional Jeweler is another good website for jewelry news, http://www.professionaljeweler.com/.
- Read an interesting 2006 article of gemstone origins from research by the Swiss Gübelin Gem Lab, http://www.gubelinlab.com/Origin_articles.asp, and visit this webpage for links to gemstone field trips, http://www.gubelinlab.com/adven.asp It is well worth bookmarking this site and looking carefully at the Inclusions link, http://www.gubelinlab.com/inclus1.asp.
- Aquamarine is a blue variety of the mineral beryl and the birthstone for March. Jump ahead to the lecture on beryl and specifically about aquamarine.
- March 2, 1896 is the birth date for Harry Winston, a dealer who owned and sold notable diamonds and colored stones to the rich and famous.
February 14, 2008...
Wow, Tucson Gem, Mineral, and Fossil Shows were fantastic and you can gain an appreciation for my trip when you visit the website devoted to this continuing education opportunity for your instructor! Visit my newest webpages at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/tucson/tucson08.htm and the links from this page for a look at Earth from the airplane, Tucson and surroundings, as well as a taste of the offerings of gems, minerals, and fossils at this remarkable event! All links should be working soon!!
Congratulations to all of you for getting this semester off to a great start! After homeworks 1-4 for distance students and lab activities 1-4 for campus students are complete, test one will be a reality! I am pleased to get to know students in both classes, and I think the course is on task. However, although the distance learning section offers terrific flexibility in time, face-to-face contact is missing. As such, I may not realize if you are struggling to pick up a concept or have any questions or concerns...unless you let me know! So whether you are a campus or distance student, do not hesitate to email or call me with questions and comments.
As you already know, answers to questions on the homework assignments may be found in either the textbook or online lectures, which are an expansion on what is found in the textbook! Campus activities are numerous and lectures brief; so campus students need to supplement what they learn Tuesday evenings in class by reading online materials! Please keep the communication channels open, and I will provide feedback on your work in as timely a situation as possible. For all assignments, some questions are answered by a fact, while other questions are answered after considerable thought. The former are exercises in locating information, while the latter are exercises in thinking and synthesizing what you read! Please remember, if you are stuck or confused, then email or call and ask me for help. Enjoy the class and stay in touch!
Weekly Gem Tidbits . . .
- On February 14, 1972 the 968.90 carat Star of Sierra Leone diamond was discovered. At this time, it was the largest alluvial diamond ever found and was cut into seventeen stones that varied from 1.85 to 53.96 carats each (The Diamond Dictionary 2nd edition, 1977, p. 274-275). It was found at the separator plant, Diminco Mine at Yengema, Sierra Leone (GIA's Diamond Dictionary, 1977, p. 274). with a total weight of 238.48 carats. Thirteen were flawless. The largest stone, 143.2 carats, was recut into seven smaller stones. Six of the recut stones are in the Star of Sierra Leone brooch and the largest cut stone was pear shaped and 53.96 carats. Read more about this gem at
- February 15, 1812 is the birth date of Charles Lewis Tiffany, founder of the Tiffany and Company, www.tiffany.com/About/CharlesLewis.aspx. Read about this remarkable leader in the jewelry industry and his son, Louis Comfort Tiffany, who made a name in both jewelry and glass, at www.tiffany.com/About/LouisComfort.aspx. More information is available at their website including a history and timeline presentation www.tiffany.com/about/timeline.aspx. This is worth browsing! If you have trouble connecting to the above mentioned webpages, visit www.tiffany.com/ and go to the bottom of the page and About Tiffany.
- Also on February 15, 1955 man-made diamonds were created by General Electric scientists. Of course, there was difficulty in assigning credit to the person or team who claimed the fame; read more on this at Chemical and Engineering News, http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8205/8205diamondsbox2.html (2/2/2004).
- Amethyst is the purple variety of quartz and a birthstone assigned to February. This gemstone is found among royal crown jewels and ordinary individual collections. In addition to its beautiful color, gem lore suggested that the wearer of amethyst would be protected from drunkenness. Although you will be jumping ahead in the course, visit the amethyst information page at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/amethyst.htm.
- Another interesting note is that the Jewelers' Circular Keystone, or JCK, is a great journal for the jewelry industry and was first published on February 1, 1870! Students have indexed select articles of past issues beginning in 1996, and you can visit this endeavor JCK Indexing Project.
January 30, 2008...
Hold the email messages until Tuesday, February 5, as I will be attending the Tucson Gem Shows and email range! For distance students, keep reading along on lectures and working on homework assignments. For campus students, keep reading along on lectures and labs, and send the JCK assignments before noon on Tuesday.
Weekly Gem Tidbits . . .
The 29th of January is the birth date of Friedrich Mohs (1773-1839), the developer of Mohs' Scale of Hardness. Mohs was an Austrian mineralogist who created a scale in 1824 with which to determine relative hardness of any mineral by comparisons with a series of ten common minerals. The scale goes from the lowest hardness of 1, talc, to the highest hardness of 10, diamond. See page 19 in your text book for more information on hardness and read a short biography of Friedrich Mohs on an external webpage sponsored by geology.about.com. This clearinghouse of the geoscience related articles and sites has other pages of interest shown below. If you send me which of the URLs mentions your teacher and in what capacity, you will receive a bonus point on the first test!
Visit About webpages that include guides to:
January 28, 2008...
You should have homework 1 in hand, which covered readings from the first week. Homework 2 will arrive in your email soon and cover readings from the second week. Keep in touch if you have any concerns or questions. Remember when contacting me via email always type course information into the subject line (e.g., GO340 homework 2) Thanks!!
Weekly Gem Tidbits . . .
- On January 25, 1905 a nearly flawless, colorless diamond was found at the Premier Diamond Mine, Transvaal, South Africa. The rough diamond was about the size of a closed fist and weighed in at 1.37 pounds or 3,106 carats. It was the largest gem-quality diamond ever found and named the Cullinan, after Mr. Thomas Cullinan, the President of the Premier Mine. It was subsequently presented to King Edward VII, United Kingdom. Asscher Brothers of Amsterdam cleaved, cut, and fashioned 105 gems, 1063 carats total weight. The largest diamond cut from the Cullinan was 530.2 carats, termed the Star of Africa and set in the British royal scepter.
The mine, which was established in 1898, was recently sold by DeBeers (Bates, 1/2008, www.jckonline.com/article/CA6516121.html). According to Rob Bates (JCK, January, 2008) the mine was reported to be the largest kimberlite pipe in South Africa and produced many diamonds over 400 carats (p. 38). To learn more about the mine's most famous find visit:
- Several gemstone and jewelery journals have online versions and are well worth visiting often:
January 21, 2008...
Welcome to the first full week of classes . . . so to speak! You should be through the readings listed for January 16th soon and I will be sending to you via email the first homework assignment, which is due on or before January 29th. After completing this homework, continue with the January 23rd readings. Whenever you email me, please include GO340 in the subject line. Thanks in advance!
Homework assignments are primarily based on readings in your textbook and lectures, but may contain questions that can be answered by the gem tidbits (shown below), as well as external links found in online lectures. Also, from time to time you may receive course assignments here such as...
Book Review Assignment!
During this semester, I want you to read and review a book about gemstones and gemology! This book could be a reference for your final webpage project or just one that sounds interesting to you. Although the book is of your choice, I created a listing from the ESU campus library in 2003 and this is found at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/books.htm. Past student reviews can be found at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/bkreport.htm. While I encourage you to choose a book other than these four, you can review one of these same books as long as your review is original.
Some books on diamond have been reviewed online (www.brysonburke.com/book_index.html) and again, any of these books may be choosen as long as your book review differs from the online review. One choice found on this webpage is available online and reveals the fascinating story of turning the mineral diamond into an gemstone icon and global economic powerhouse:
Epstein, E. J. 1982. The rise and fall of diamonds. NY: Simon and Schuster. Online WWW URL: edwardjayepstein.com/diamond/prologue.htm. Retrieved 1/21/08. Another strongly recommended author is Richard Wise and his book Secrets of the Gem Trade The Connoisseur's Guide To Precious Gemstones., which can be found in part at www.secretsofthegemtrade.com/. Whatever resource you choose, have fun with this assignment and make it count for your final course project as well!
Weekly Gem Tidbits . . .
- On January 16, 1934 the 726 carat Jonker diamond was found in Pretoria, South Africa! It was found by Jacobus Jonker and he received $315,000.00 for the rough stone. Mr. Harry Winston acquired the stone and it was cleaved/cut/polished into eleven emerald cuts and one marquise cut, ranging from 125.35 to 5.3 carats (The Diamond Dictionary). "The Jonker IV, an emerald cut, weighed 30.70 carats and sold at Southeby's in New York in 1968 for $305,000" (http://www.mirolcentre.com/mirol/diamond/famous_diamond.html, Famous Diamonds, information reviewed 1/21/2008, thanks to the content provider, Mirol Diamond Invest). View the Jonker diamond at http://www.brysonburke.com/20_jonker.html (Information reviewed 1/17/2005, thanks to the content provider, Bryson Burke Diamond Corporation).
- Garnet is the birthstone for January. This gemstone occurs in every color of the rainbow, including blue, which is rare color for garnet. Although you will be jumping ahead in the course, you can visit the garnet webpage at http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/garnet.htm. A listing of birthstones can be found at The Dynamic Earth - Birthstones at the Smithsonian, http://www.mnh.si.edu/earth/text/2_1_3_8.html (if unable to reach this webpage begin at http://www.mnh.si.edu/earth/text/index.html and follow links to Gems and Minerals, The National Gem Collection, and Birthstones!
- The Tucson Gem and Mineral Show is here! Colored Stone magazine online has plenty of information at http://www.tucsonshowguide.com/tsg/ and http://www.tucsonshowguide.com/tsg/show_index.cfm.
- Interested in pearls? Read the Colored Stone magazine article at colored-stone.com news...
January 14, 2008...
Welcome to Gemstones and Gemology! I look forward to seeing you this semester via email and in person when possible. The campus version of this class meets Tuesday evenings, and everyone -campus and distance student alike- is welcome to attend local and regional field trips. Obtain the textbook and begin readings shown in the syllabus on or before next week. Take the fun introductory quiz, gemquiz.htm, to test your knowledge and show what to expect during the semester.
If you are enrolled in this course for university credit, please email me, saber@emporia.edu, introduce yourself and give me your preferred email address. If your email address changes during the semester, notify me immediately. You can view the schedule for the semester at www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go340/syllabus.htm
Check this page often during the semester for course announcements and additional lecture information. I am looking forward to getting to know you and hope you will enjoy the course!

Return to the syllabus.
This page originates from the Earth Science department for the use and benefit of students enrolled at Emporia State University. For more information contact the course instructor, S. W. Aber, e-mail: saber@emporia.edu Thanks for visiting! Webpage created: 1999; last update: May 1, 2008.
Copyright 1999-2008 Susan Ward Aber. All rights reserved.